Customs clearance

Customs clearance
Customs clearance is the procedure allowing the goods to cross the state border. The customs clearance means that all the necessary formalities are performed duly. Customs clearance is done by a special state authority - the customs.
The Russian word for customs - "tamozhnya" came from the turkish languages: the word "tamga" ment a special sign which was used to mark various items of the private
property. Tamga was used in ancient Russia at the time of the Golden Horde: it used to mark livestock and high-value items. A specific tamga was used for a particular owner. Another source of modern customs procedures is an old Russian “myto”, a tax charged by local Russian princes. The first customs office was created at the same time, it was called Mytnaya or Mytnitse. This word is still preserved in the Ukrainian language. All countries in the world used customs duties from the very ancient times as a fee for crossing the border. This fee was one of the main sources of the state treasury replenishment. The first Customs office in Russia was established in 1649/ In 1653 the first Russian Customs charter was adopted. Until 1917 the Department of Customs was subdued by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire.
Customs clearance is made by filling in the customs declaration and its presenting to the customs authority in written, oral or electronic form.
Since the custom authorities has an access to all the data on the companies involved in the import and export, customs authorities may have a big impact on the business. When the ban on import is meant, customs officers may be vulnerable to organized crime. However, such measures as strengthening the professionalism of a customs officer, a decent salary can prevent corruption in customs.

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In order to prepare the customs declaration duly and to collect all the accompanying documents for customs clearance of a particular good, it is much advisable to use the services of a customs broker, who can guarantee all the procedure is done correctly and in time. The following documents are usually needed for the customs clearance:
• The cotract between the buyer and the seller
• An Invoice and
an addendum, to the Contract
• Cargo specification and the packing list
• Shipping documents
(Bill of Lading, CMR,
waybill,
• Money orders and cash orders
• Import/ export licenses from the Ministry of the Foreign Economic Relations and Trade and / or State Customs Committee
• Other state authorities permits (if applicable)
• Certificates of origin, Hygiene Certificates
Veterinary and Phytosanitary Certificates

Thus, the customs clearance of goods is clearly spelled out and has a clear procedure.